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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>In addition to the learner-internal aspects, CLKs' awareness of the need to be pragmatic and the relational affordances they could draw on were significant. RIs from TS &amp; ZL for instance, cited their relationship with their local professor as a key factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see the example 2).<br><br>This article examines all local research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)<br><br>The discourse completion test (DCT) is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has numerous advantages however, it also has its drawbacks. For instance the DCT cannot account for cultural and personal differences in communication. Furthermore the DCT is prone to bias and may result in overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or evaluation.<br><br>Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to alter social variables related to politeness is a plus. This ability can aid researchers to study the role played by prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.<br><br>In the field of linguistics DCT is among the most useful tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to examine various issues that include the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choice. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners speaking.<br><br>Recent research has used the DCT as tool to evaluate the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the most appropriate response. The authors concluded that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal such as a questionnaire or video recordings. Researchers cautioned, however, that the DCT must be used with caution. They also recommended using other methods for  [http://bbs.zhizhuyx.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=11364269 프라그마틱 순위] data collection.<br><br>DCTs can be designed using specific language requirements, like the form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and is based on the assumptions made by the test developers. They aren't always accurate,  프라그마틱 정품인증 ([https://atavi.com/share/wud5yfz1y5ju Atavi.Com]) and they may misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interaction. This issue requires more research into alternative methods of assessing refusal ability.<br><br>A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT promoted more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and a lower use of hints than the email data did.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal responses in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four primary factors such as their personalities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relationship benefits. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' practical choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance on DCTs to determine if they were a sign of a pragmatic resistance. In addition, the interviewees were asked to explain their choices of behavior in a particular situation.<br><br>The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to an insufficient understanding of korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT circumstances. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs showed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders who then coded them. The coders worked in an iterative manner and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results are then contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.<br><br>Refusal Interviews (RIs)<br><br>The key question in pragmatic research is: why do some learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question employing a variety of research tools, including DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their first language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked to think about their responses to the DCT situations.<br><br>The results showed that on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even when they could produce patterns that closely resembled native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors like their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life experiences. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and advantages. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors led to a more relaxed performance in relation to the linguistic and intercultural norms of their university.<br><br>The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or penalties they might face in the event that their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as "foreigners" and think they were ignorant. This was a concern similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the validity of these tests in various cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the effects of different cultural environments on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students from L2. This will also help educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is a strategy that utilizes intensive, participant-centered research to investigate a specific topic. This method utilizes multiple data sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents to support its findings. This type of investigation is ideal for studying complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods.<br><br>In a case study, the first step is to define both the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are essential to study and which can be omitted. It is also beneficial to review existing literature related to the topic to gain a better understanding of the subject and to place the case study within a larger theoretical context.<br><br>This study was conducted on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment showed that L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They tended to choose wrong answers, which were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from a precise pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses.<br><br>The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had achieved level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year of university and were hoping to reach level six by their next attempt. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and pragmatic awareness and comprehension.<br><br>The interviewees were presented with two situations,  [https://www.google.ci/url?q=https://telegra.ph/The-Top-Reasons-Why-People-Succeed-Within-The-Pragmatic-Official-Website-Industry-09-13 프라그마틱 정품] each involving an imaginary interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making an inquiry. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personalities. TS for  [https://securityholes.science/wiki/Whos_The_Top_Expert_In_The_World_On_Pragmatic_Recommendations 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프] instance said she was difficult to talk to and would not inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a heavy work load, even though she thought native Koreans would.