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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It poses questions such as What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable action. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one must adhere to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how people who speak a language interact and communicate with one other. It is usually thought of as a component of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics examines what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown quickly in the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also influences research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and  [https://seolistlinks.com/story19592644/20-things-you-need-to-be-educated-about-pragmatic-play 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] 추천 ([https://bookmarkcolumn.com/story18131669/14-creative-ways-to-spend-extra-pragmatic-korea-budget pop over to this web-site]) development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics that focuses on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are also views on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has focused on a broad range of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding and request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in both mental and [https://bookmarkerz.com/story18222976/an-all-inclusive-list-of-pragmatic-return-rate-dos-and-don-ts 프라그마틱 무료슬롯] physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their rankings differ by database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors by their publications only. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine which phrases are intended to be a communication. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and long-established one There is a lot of debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered to be a linguistics branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent discipline and [https://pragmatic-korea55543.wikicommunications.com/4788540/ten_situations_in_which_you_ll_want_to_be_aware_of_free_pragmatic 라이브 카지노] should be treated as part of linguistics, along with the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways that our beliefs about the meanings and functions of language influence our theories of how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a handful of questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it studies how people perceive and use the language, [https://socialbookmarkgs.com/story18361324/five-pragmatic-demo-projects-for-any-budget 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험] without necessarily referring back to facts about what was actually said. This kind of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this study ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and use of language. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we perceive the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being said by a speaker in a given sentence. These are the issues more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the meaning of an expression.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It examines how language is utilized in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory, focus on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Certain practical approaches have been put with other disciplines, such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of words to objects they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on factors like ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is appropriate to say in various situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are many different areas of research, such as pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural linguistic pragmatics and [https://bookmarkcork.com/story18830704/20-trailblazers-setting-the-standard-in-pragmatic-free-slots 프라그마틱 추천] pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by the language used in its context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure that is used in the speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research that addresses aspects like lexical features and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the most important questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to provide an exhaustive, systematic view of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that they're the same thing.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others argue that the fact that an expression can be interpreted in a variety of ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways that the word can be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This is commonly called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretive possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.
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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It addresses questions such as What do people actually mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how people who speak a language interact and communicate with one and with each other. It is often thought of as a component of language, however it differs from semantics in that it focuses on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of research the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension as well as production of requests by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, [https://blogfreely.net/basscd0/10-pragmatic-tips-all-experts-recommend 프라그마틱 플레이] 슬롯, [https://vuf.minagricultura.gov.co/Lists/Informacin%20Servicios%20Web/DispForm.aspx?ID=9060696 https://vuf.minagricultura.gov.co/Lists/Informacin Servicios Web/DispForm.aspx?ID=9060696], as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their rankings differ by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors in pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the contexts and [https://www.google.sc/url?q=https://writeablog.net/jeephockey2/how-to-choose-the-right-pragmatic-slot-tips-on-the-internet 프라그마틱 불법] users of language usage rather than focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one,  [http://xn--0lq70ey8yz1b.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=262600 프라그마틱 무료슬롯] there is a lot of debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, whereas other insist that this particular problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics is to be a linguistics branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and should be treated as an independent part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics and more. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it focuses on how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. For example, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language, without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more in depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It focuses on how the human language is utilized in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory for instance, focuses on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some practical approaches have been put together with other disciplines such as philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions regarding the boundaries between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the content of what is said, while far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that semantics determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same word can have different meanings in different contexts, based on things such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in the field. There are a variety of areas of research, including formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by language in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of an utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research that is conducted in these areas, which address issues like the importance of lexical elements, the interaction between discourse and language, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between pragmatics and semantics isn't well-defined and that they are the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain events fall under either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars believe that if a statement carries an actual truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement could be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different view and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is only one among many ways that the expression can be understood, [https://yatirimciyiz.net/user/polishdesert2 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프] and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified parses of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when contrasted to other possible implicatures.

Revisión actual del 17:43 30 oct 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It addresses questions such as What do people actually mean when they use words?

It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on how people who speak a language interact and communicate with one and with each other. It is often thought of as a component of language, however it differs from semantics in that it focuses on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.

As a field of research the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics and Anthropology.

There are many different methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have researched.

The study of pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension as well as production of requests by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, 프라그마틱 플레이 슬롯, https://vuf.minagricultura.gov.co/Lists/Informacin Servicios Web/DispForm.aspx?ID=9060696, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their rankings differ by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top authors in pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is focused on the contexts and 프라그마틱 불법 users of language usage rather than focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was pioneered by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one, 프라그마틱 무료슬롯 there is a lot of debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, whereas other insist that this particular problem should be treated as pragmatic.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics is to be a linguistics branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and should be treated as an independent part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics and more. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it focuses on how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages function.

There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. For example, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language, without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.

Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more in depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the meaning of an utterance.

What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It focuses on how the human language is utilized in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.

Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory for instance, focuses on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some practical approaches have been put together with other disciplines such as philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also divergent opinions regarding the boundaries between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the content of what is said, while far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that semantics determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same word can have different meanings in different contexts, based on things such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as the expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in the field. There are a variety of areas of research, including formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by language in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of an utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.

In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research that is conducted in these areas, which address issues like the importance of lexical elements, the interaction between discourse and language, and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical discussion of pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between pragmatics and semantics isn't well-defined and that they are the identical.

It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain events fall under either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars believe that if a statement carries an actual truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement could be interpreted differently is pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different view and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is only one among many ways that the expression can be understood, 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified parses of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when contrasted to other possible implicatures.