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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the relationship between context and language. It deals with questions such as what do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one should adhere to their beliefs no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how language users interact and communicate with each with one another. It is often thought of as a part or language, but it differs from semantics because pragmatics focuses on what the user is trying to convey and not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded rapidly over the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics but it also influences research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics that focuses on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a broad variety of topics, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech,  [https://hyperbookmarks.com/story18305830/it-s-enough-15-things-about-pragmatic-free-trial-slot-buff-we-re-sick-of-hearing 프라그마틱 슬롯] and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, yet their ranking varies by database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics based on their number of publications alone. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution in pragmatics has led to concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users as opposed to the study of truth grammar, reference, [https://todaybookmarks.com/story18416848/pragmatic-free-trial-meta-tips-from-the-top-in-the-industry 프라그마틱 불법] [https://minibookmarking.com/story18424861/this-is-the-advanced-guide-to-pragmatic-kr 프라그마틱 환수율]; [https://bookmarkingalpha.com/story18315129/could-pragmatic-genuine-be-the-key-for-2024-s-challenges Https://bookmarkingalpha.Com/], or. It focuses on the ways in which one phrase can be understood to mean various things depending on the context,  [https://pragmatickorea54208.wikiparticularization.com/1011321/10_things_you_learned_in_kindergarden_that_ll_help_you_with_free_pragmatic 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율] including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and established one There is a lot of controversy about the precise boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others insist that this particular problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology, semantics, etc. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our ideas about the meanings and functions of language affect our theories about how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have suggested for instance, that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it studies how people perceive and use language without necessarily referring to facts about what actually was said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right, since it examines the way in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of a saturation and a free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines how language is utilized in social interactions, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communicative intent of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also differing views on the borderline of semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two distinct topics. He asserts semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single word could have different meanings based on factors like indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure,  [https://baidubookmark.com/story18193668/say-yes-to-these-5-pragmatic-return-rate-tips 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬] speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is appropriate to say in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to look at each other but it is considered rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being done in this field. There are a variety of areas of research, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, with less attention paid to the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, like syntax, semantics, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. These include conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, which focuses on aspects like lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language, and meaning.<br><br>One of the major issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are really the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these positions is often a tussle and scholars arguing that particular instances are a part of semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if an expression has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas other argue that the fact that an expression may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This approach is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It tries to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and that is why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.
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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It poses questions such as What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each other. It is often seen as a part or language, but it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study it is comparatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has been focused on a variety of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension, request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political discourse프라그마틱 무료슬롯 ([https://bookmarklinx.com/story18382384/15-unexpected-facts-about-pragmatic-free-trial-that-you-d-never-been-educated-about Bookmarklinx.com]) discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs according to the database used. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, but their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics according to their publications only. However,  [https://victoru646jkn3.myparisblog.com/profile 프라그마틱 정품] it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and [https://pragmatic-korea35555.mybloglicious.com/51412232/10-things-everybody-gets-wrong-about-the-word-pragmatic 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율] Kasper are also influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and  [https://pragmatickr79999.anchor-blog.com/10728009/pragmatic-free-slot-buff-the-process-isn-t-as-hard-as-you-think 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] 플레이 ([https://pragmatic-kr01221.spintheblog.com/30807638/how-to-identify-the-pragmatic-demo-right-for-you pragmatic-kr01221.spintheblog.Com]) language users rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an utterance can be interpreted as meaning various things depending on the context, including those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine if phrases have a message. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one There is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers claim that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics should be considered part of the philosophy of language since it deals with the ways that our ideas about the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fuelled the debate. For instance, some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study is a discipline in its own right, since it examines the manner the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in a sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in greater depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It evaluates how human language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct subjects. He asserts semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on what is said, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics determines certain aspects of the meaning of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and [https://socialwebleads.com/story3647182/the-top-pragmatic-slots-site-the-gurus-are-using-three-things 프라그마틱 체험] the expectations of the listener.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. There are a myriad of areas of research, such as formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated by the language in a context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research that addresses aspects like lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language, and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it's possible to give a precise and systematic explanation of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if a statement has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics. On the other hand, others believe that the fact that a statement can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is only one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified parses of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so reliable when compared to other plausible implicatures.

Revisión actual del 05:25 2 nov 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It poses questions such as What do people really think when they use words?

It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each other. It is often seen as a part or language, but it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the meaning is.

As a field of study it is comparatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.

There are many different ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

The research in pragmatics has been focused on a variety of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension, request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political discourse, 프라그마틱 무료슬롯 (Bookmarklinx.com) discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs according to the database used. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, but their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics according to their publications only. However, 프라그마틱 정품 it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율 Kasper are also influential authors of the field of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 플레이 (pragmatic-kr01221.spintheblog.Com) language users rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an utterance can be interpreted as meaning various things depending on the context, including those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine if phrases have a message. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one There is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers claim that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.

Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics should be considered part of the philosophy of language since it deals with the ways that our ideas about the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages work.

There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fuelled the debate. For instance, some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study is a discipline in its own right, since it examines the manner the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.

The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in a sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in greater depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It evaluates how human language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and philosophy.

There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct subjects. He asserts semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on what is said, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics determines certain aspects of the meaning of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and 프라그마틱 체험 the expectations of the listener.

A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. There are a myriad of areas of research, such as formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.

What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated by the language in a context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research that addresses aspects like lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language, and meaning.

In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it's possible to give a precise and systematic explanation of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.

It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if a statement has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics. On the other hand, others believe that the fact that a statement can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is only one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified parses of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so reliable when compared to other plausible implicatures.